GENERAL SURGERY

 A high-fibre diet can be effective, along with stool softeners. In some cases, a medical procedure to remove the haemorrhoid may be needed to provide relief. 

 A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel and another structure 

 cutting a small portion of the anal sphincter muscle. This technique may help promote healing and reduce spasm and pain. Studies show that surgery is much more effective than any medical treatment for chronic fissure 

 An abnormal skin growth located at the tailbone that contains hair and skin.

The cyst is usually located near the tailbone and can become easily infected.
Symptoms of an infected cyst include pain, reddened skin or drainage of pus or blood.

 A condition that occurs when part of the large intestine slips outside the anus.

Rectal prolapse typically occurs in older women, but it can occur in men and women of any age. Risk factors include multiple births and vaginal delivery.

 A bulging of an organ or tissue through an abnormal opening.

Typically, a hernia involves the stomach or intestine.
Symptoms include a bulge, swelling or pain. In some cases, there are no symptoms.

 A hardened deposit within the fluid in the gallbladder, a small organ under the liver.

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid.
Gallstones can vary in size and number and may or may not cause symptoms.

 A condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed and filled with pus, causing pain.

The appendix is a pouch-like structure attached at the start of the large intestine that has no known purpose.
Appendicitis begins with fever and pain near the belly button and then moves toward the lower-right side of the abdomen. 

 Inguinal hernias can be repaired using surgery to push the bulge back into place and strengthen the weakness in the abdominal wall. The operation is usually recommended if you have a hernia that causes pain 

 umbilical hernias can be treated with surgery to push the bulge back into place and strengthen the weakness in the abdominal wall. This operation may be recommended for your child if the hernia is large or hasn't disappeared by the time they reach 4 or 5 years old.